准定语句式“N1+的+N2+V+得+R”的构式语法分析

摘要

在现代汉语中，“N1+的+N2”是典型的定中结构，如“小明的自行车”。其中“N1”与“N2”在句法上有修饰与被修饰的关系，语义上有领属与被领属的关系。但是在“他的老师当得好”这类“N1+的+N2+V+得+R”句式中，“N1”与“N2”虽然在形式上是一种修饰与被修饰的关系，在语义上并不存在“N1”对“N2”的领有。学者们将汉语中这类“N1+的+N2”称为准定语或伪定语结构。本文在前人研究的基础上，收集了真实而详实的语料，并对语料进行分类整理，从构式语法的研究视角对准定语句式进行了系统的考察，尤其是对此构式“N1+的+N2+V+得+R”的各个组成部分，组成部分之间的句法，语义特征及整个构式所表达的句式意义逐一阐述。
　　 研究发现，准定语句式“N1+的+N2+V+得+R”是一种形式意义配对体，具有固定的句法形式但不可预测的语义内容。在此基础上，本文对“N1”，“N2”，“V”与“R”及各成分之间的联系进行构式语法分析，从句法与语义的角度进行描述，包括每个成分的词性，充当的句法成分，语义成分语义特征及该句式特有的构式意义等等。
　　 此外，本文对具有相同形式的准定语句式与普通的主谓补句式，具有相同的语义内容的准定语句式及动词拷贝句式进行比较，分析它们的区别与联系。准定语句式与它们二者的差异性进一步证实该句式是一种独立的构式，无法被其他句式所替代。

目录

声明

Acknowledgements

Contents

Abstract

摘要

Chapter One Introduction

1．1 Research Background

1．2 Objectives of the Study

1．3 Data Collection

1．4 Layout of the Thesis

Chapter Two Literature Review

2．1 Previous Studies of the Para-attribute Structure “N1+的+N2” in Chinese

2．2 Previous Studies of the Para-attribute Pattern “N1+的+N2+V+得+R’’

2．2．1 Distribution Features of the Para-attribute Pattern ‘‘N1+的+N2+V+得+R’’

2．2．2 Generative Mechanism of the Para-attribute Pattern ‘‘N1+的+N2+V+得+R’’

2．3 Summary

Chapter Three Theoretical Preliminaries

3．1 Origin of Construction Grammar

3．2 Definition of Construction

3．3 Major Theories of Construction Grammar

3．3．1 Fillmore and Key’s Construction Grammar

3．3．2 Lakoff and Goldberg’s Construction Grammar

3．3．3 Langacker’s Cognitive Grammar

3．3．4 Croft’s Radial Construction Grammar

3．3．5 Relations between the Four Theories

3．4 Basic Tenets of Construction Grammar

3．5 Advantages of Construction Grammar

3．6 Generalization in Construction Grammar

Chapter Four A Constructional Approach to the Para-attribute Pattern “N1+的+N2+V+得+R”

4．1 Structural and Semantic Features of Each Component

4．1．1 Structural and Semantic Features of “N1’’

4．1．2 Structural and Semantic Features of “N2’’

4．1．3 Structural and Semantic Features of “N1+N2’’

4．1．4 Structural and Semantic Features of ‘‘V’’

4．1．5 Structural and Semantic Features of “R’’

4．2 Syntactic Features of the Whole Para-attribute Construction “N1+的+N2+V+得+R’’

4．3 Constructional Meaning of the Para-attribute Pattern “N1+的+N2+V+得+R’’

4．4 Ambiguity of the Sentence Pattern “N1+的+N2+V+得+R’’

4．5 Summary

Chapter Five Some Other Related Constructions

5．1 The Resultative Construction “N1+的+N2+V+得+R”

5．1．1 Properties of the Components in Resultative Construction and Para-attribute Construction

5．1．2 Transformation of the Resultative Construction ‘‘N1+的+N2+V+得+R’’ and the Para-attribute Construction “N1+的+N2+V+得+R’’

5．2 The Verb-copying Construction “N1+V+N2+V+得+R”

5．2．1 Properties of the Components in Verb-copying Construction “N1+V+N2+V+得+R’’ and Para-attribute Construction ‘‘N1+的+N2+V+得+R’’

5．2．2 Transformations between the Verb-copying Construction “N1+V+N2+V+得+R’’ and the Para-attribute Construction ‘‘N1+的+N2+V+得+R’’

Chapter Six Conclusion

6．1 Major Findings of the Study

6．2 Limitations of the Study

6．3 Suggestions for Further Study

References

Appendices

Corpus from Center for Chinese Linguistics (CCL)

Corpus from Previous Studies