Synthesis of HNIW from HAIW by Nitration in Super Acids

摘要

Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) or 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12-hexanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 –hexaazatetrocyclo-[5. 5. 0. 05, 9. 03, 11] dodecane was firstly synthesized from hexaacetylhexaazaisowurtzitane (HAIW) with four kinds of super acids which are nitric acid/potassium nitrate, oleum/potassium nitrate, oleum/sodium nitrate and oleum/ammonium nitrate. The experiments were carried out with different nitrates, temperatures and reaction times to obtain the optimized reaction conditions of nitration with nitric acid/potassium nitrate at 70 in 3.5 hour ℃ s with the yield of 83.1% and the purity over 98.0% in this paper. The possible mechanism of the reaction between HAIW and super acids (being oleumitrate) was discussed here. The NO2+in the high concentrated super acid is the effective group to attack the nitrogen atoms of HAIW molecule with two substitutes to nitrogen atom, which is called nitrogen nitration. The more density of NO2+ in the nitration reagents of super acids, the more the nitration reaction rate of nitrogen nitration is.