THE MOLECULAR LAYERING METHOD: PROGRESS IN SCIENCE AND PRACTICAL WORKS FOR CREATION OF FUNCTIONAL NANOMATERIALS

摘要

The Molecular Layering (ML) method is based on the chemisorption of reagents on a solid substrate surface. The main idea of the ML method consists of consecutive deposition of monolayers with structural units of set chemical composition on a solid surface.1'2 The ML technique gives the possibility to form a wide variety of nanolayers (mono- and multilayer, multicomponent layers) on the surface of different solids (organic and inorganic powders, fibres, films etc.) with any geometrical form. Four basic effects characterise this technology.3 They are (1) monolayer effect (ME), i.e. sharp changes in matrix properties after obtaining 1-4 mono-layers of new structural units; (2) effect of matrix overlapping (EME), i.e. the physical coverage of the solid surface (formed layer screens the surface); (3) effect of mutual coordination of matrix surface structure and formed nanolayer (EMC); (4) effect of the multicomponent system (MS), for example it can be a synergistic composition. Applications of the ML method can be defined from these effects in products such as adsorbents, catalysts, polymeric, metal, composition and other materials. The ML method can be important in the optimization of layer composition and thickness (for example when kernel pigments and fillers are produced), for intensification of chemical solid reactions, in sintering of ceramic powders, etc.