Analytical Methods for The Detection of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) in Food - Prerequisites and Factors Ensuring High Quality Standards

摘要

Since the first attempts to establish analytical methods for the detection of GMO in the food chain mainly DNA (PCR)- and protein based techniques have been developed for this purpose. Whereas protein based techniques - either in a plate format (ELISA to be used in an analytical lab) or so called dip sticks (to be used on site and with almost no equipment necessary) determine the presence of the engineered protein in a sample derived analyte, DNA-based techniques detect the modified or newly integrated DNA sequences. The presentation will focus mainly on DNA detection methods, which are based on PCR techniques. PCR can either be used as simple qualitative screening and identification tools. or, when an additional endogenous reference gene detection system is included in the PCR assay, may also be used for quantification of the relative GMO content under conditions of varying matrix properties. Reliable GMO detection however needs more than only the appropriate core analytical procedure consisting of sample preparation, (DNA-) extraction and subsequent PCR analysis. Major factors influencing analytical quality and meaningful interpretation of results obtained at different stages will be highlighted in the following chapters.