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Defining best design practices for safety and comfort in Moon and Mars habitats

机译:在月亮和火星栖息地的安全和舒适度定义最佳设计实践

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Safety requirements are critical in designing habitats. However, satisfying only safety requirements will not guarantee mission success. Crew performance can be improved by means of comfort and functional design considerations that accommodate their physical and psychological needs. Currently, the common habitat design approach is based on linear processes, satisfying technical requirements of the mission and providing necessary life support for the crew. Nevertheless, to ensure their well-being and productivity, aesthetic and ergonomic aspects have to be given equal attention throughout the whole design process. Safety and comfort considerations taking into account the hardware's structural and technical requirements must not be neglected. Such habitats need to satisfy exceptional requirements for construction, environmental protection, food production, living conditions and maintenance; they have to ensure safety and emergency response protocols, support the crew's physical health, morale, and productivity. Such strategies fundamentally change the approach to designing habitats and equipment. This paper presents results from bibliographical research, which defines best design practices and recommendations derived from experiences on medium-duration orbiting facilities and extreme environment missions on Earth. The investigated case studies include Skylab, Spacelab, Salyut 7, Mir, and the International Space Station; orbital spacecraft system Shuttle; polar research stations in the Antarctic and Arctic; as well as Earth-based human space mission simulators (e.g., Mars Desert Research Station (MDSR), Mars-500/Sirius-19, Aquarius/NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations (NEEMO). The research aims to define the optimal balance between the necessary levels of comfort and safety for the crew and associated implications to the spacecraft or habitat design. The paper summarizes current major problems in the habitat design and discusses a new architectural strategy for
机译:安全要求在设计栖息地方面至关重要。但是,只有安全要求才能保证使命成功。可以通过适应其身体和心理需求的舒适和功能设计考虑来改善船员性能。目前,常见的栖息地设计方法是基于线性流程,满足特派团的技术要求,并为船员提供必要的生命支持。然而,为了确保他们的福祉和生产力,审美和符合人体工程学的方面必须在整个设计过程中进行平等的关注。考虑到硬件的结构和技术要求的安全和舒适考虑不得被忽视。这种栖息地需要满足施工,环保,食品生产,生活条件和维护的卓越要求;他们必须确保安全和紧急响应协议,支持船员的身体健康,士气和生产力。这些策略从根本上改变了设计栖息地和设备的方法。本文提出了参考书目的研究结果,它定义了最佳的设计实践和来自地球上的中期轨道设施和极端环境任务的经验。调查的案例研究包括Skylab,Spacelab,Salyut 7,MIR和国际空间站;轨道航天器系统梭;南极和北极的极地研究站;以及基于地球的人类空间使命模拟器(例如,火星沙漠研究站(MDSR),Mars-500 / Sirius-19,Aquarius / Nasa Extential Environvions Mission Operations(Neemo)。该研究旨在在此期间定义最佳平衡机组人员的必要水平和对航天器或栖息地设计的关联影响。本文总结了栖息地设计中的主要问题,并讨论了新的建筑策略

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