A Novel Electrochemical Sensor Based on Carbon Dots-Nafion Composite Modified Bismuth Film Electrode for Simultaneous Determination of Cd and Pb~(2+)

摘要

Bismuth film electrodes (BiFEs) have become a hopeful alternative to mercury drop and film electrodes due to their non-toxicity and equal or even superior electrochemical performance towards heavy-metal-ion detection. Meanwhile, various carbon nanomaterials (e.g., graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, etc.) had been composited with bismuth for improving the sensitivity and reproducibility of BiFEs. However, one primary problem with the BiFEs is that the hydrophobicity of these carbon nanomaterials may have a negative impact on the performance of the electrodes in aqueous media.