Open Spaces of Traditional Societies

摘要

From the perspective of cultural pluralism in cultural anthropology, this study compares many types of open spaces around the world that have existed independently of a modernized western context. A survey was conducted of numerous ethnographies written about traditional cultures and societies, which referred to various types of outdoor spaces observed in cities or settlements. As a result of these comparisons, many similarities were found to present configurations of urban open spaces. Moreover, such spaces are never objectified by modern methods of landscape architecture. Various types of planning and design exist for such spaces, and these play an important role in each society, as for structures in all cultures.The cultural context of such open spaces differs from that of western parks and public gardens. These are objectified as 'vernacular' identifiable spaces.The practical usage of such spaces from the standpoint of cultural anthropology is recommended.