The specificity of the compositions, language and style of two editions of the novel 'The Springtime' ('Saasky Kem') by n. e. Mordinov-Amma Achchygyia

摘要

The authors have the aim to reveal specific features in compositions of two editions of the novel "The Springtime" ("Saasky Kem") by a Yakut folk writer N. E. Mordinov-Amma Achchygyia, as well as in language and style of the literary work as a whole. The first edition of the novel was published in 1944 in a small volume and consisted of five parts. The novel is distinguished by originality and a special reality when creating characters, in addition this version was easily perceived by the reader. Critics found some shortcomings in it, the main of which was that the writer did not show the decisive role of the Russian people in the social liberation of the Yakut workers. As the critic D. T. Burtsev writes, initial three parts of the first edition of "The Springtime" was predominantly "moralistic." In the fourth part the writer tried to show national and historical perspective. In this work mass scenes were introduced for the first time, in the center of which is a character calling people to revolutionary struggle. In the last fifth part of the work autobiographical material is prevailed, which includes the moments of the character formation of Nikita Lyaglyarin and the description of people around him. Thus, the first edition of the novel consists of insufficiently interconnected "moralistic", national-historical and personal-cognitive components. Having received the critical comments N. Mordinov began to rewrite the novel with the requirements, set for writers of the era of socialist realism. As a result of rigorous work, the author managed to create a work with a more holistic epic content. The second edition of the novel was published in 1952, already in a twice larger volume. In this edition the author added characters who play an ideological-revolutionary and historical significance. According to critics, the national-historical problem aspect became leading: other problem-cognitive tendencies in the work are subordinated to this aspect or coordinated with it. It should be noted that in the second edition the language is literary worked out: the author skillfully uses stylistic devices (anaphora, epiphora, anaepiphora, anadiplosis, mesadiplosis, mesarchia, metabola, antimetabola, gradation, actualization, ellipsis, etc.), which create linguistic harmony and beauty of the literary work. The main purpose of the author is to convey the formation of the character and the revolutionary firmness of the protagonist Nikita Lyaglyarin, a young man from a poor family, who grew up in a remote Yakut village. The fate of the main character is closely connected with the fate of his native people. He grew up in the Yakut environment, his moral education is based on Yakut folklore and everyday life. Profoundly typical are the trials that he suffered: the need for a poor family, a life of starvation, social oppression and mockery of the rich. The Russian political exile and Bolshevik's beneficial role in the fate of Nikita, as well as his education on the works of great Russian literature, participation in the class struggle, has a huge generalizing meaning. In the last part of the novel, in which there is much autobiography, it was enough for the author to show that the revolution gave the hero and his friends great happiness to learn, freely develop their abilities, their spiritual world. Therefore, in the novel, there is no image of the main character's private life. We can conclude that the story of Nikita Lyaglyarin, being largely a self-sufficient personality, as a whole, was given according to the specific national-historical problematic aspect of the work. Theoretical and practical significance of the work lies in the fact that its main theses and conclusions will be of value for detailed study of the Yakut classic novel and of the art heritage щa N. E. Mordinov-Amma Achchygyia in general; also the analysis of the two editions of the novel "The Springtime" ("Saasky Kem") and the conclusions made on it can be used as a theoretical