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Sicherheitsanforderungen an Systeme hochautomatisiert fahrender Fahrzeuge

机译:系统的安全要求高度自动化的旅行车辆

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In recent decades, electronic control systems become more and more important part of automotive active and passive safety systems. They lead to reduction of fatalities by supporting driver in different critical situations. Further road safety improvement is achievable through advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and automated driving (AD), which are beginning with a co-pilot functions and will result in autonomous driving in the future. The elementary requirement on these systems is based on the flawless and safe operating mode. The development of new and more complex driver assistance systems, which more and more takes over the drivers' duties, requires also development of new concepts for quality and functional reliability assessment. Currently regulatory bodies and consumer organisations define for some vehicle categories couple of physical proving ground tests to assess the functionality of ADAS. However, the testing procedures based on physical testing seem to be insufficient to cover the all possible cases and thus to evaluate the effectiveness and safety. To cover the huge number of possible scenarios, simulation methods are the only feasible way. Physical tests will be still needed for verification and validation of these simulation models and set-ups. The proper standardisation and regulatory basis is important for all stakeholders. Since current regulations and inspection specifications are not sufficient or even not existing, several committees and project groups are developing new international regulations and standards. If considering such complex systems as ADAS or even AD not only their effectiveness but also functional safety and IT security are essential for the system overall evaluation. These systems have access to all core functionalities of the vehicle and their improper or unsafe behaviour could cause accidents, which would not occur if the driver would drive the vehicle himself. To enable future homologation of systems the functional safety standards (ISO 26262) and assessment methods have to be modified. The cars will increasingly connect with the outside world, which results in new vulnerabilities and threats. IT-security becomes the same importance like the functional safety. Therefore, an automotive applicable Standard to IEC 62443 must be developed to ensure common IT security level of all future vehicles on the roads. The technical development towards smart mobility systems is very fast. It must be ensured that through existing standardisation and regulatory basis the future smart vehicles will able to achieve the main objectives - increase comfort and reduce accidents and fatalities on the roads.
机译:近几十年来,电子控制系统成为汽车主动和被动安全系统的越来越重要的一部分。它们通过在不同危急情况下支持驾驶员来导致减少死亡人数。通过先进的驾驶员辅助系统(ADAS)和自动驾驶(AD),可以实现进一步的道路安全改进,这些驾驶(ADA)从共频功能开始,将来会导致未来自动驾驶。这些系统的基本要求基于完美无瑕和安全的操作模式。新的和更复杂的驾驶员援助系统的开发,越来越多地接管司机的职责,还需要开发质量和功能可靠性评估的新概念。目前,监管机构和消费者组织定义了一些车辆类别的物理证明地面测试,以评估ADA的功能。然而,基于物理测试的测试程序似乎不足以覆盖所有可能的情况,从而评估有效性和安全性。为了涵盖大量可能的场景,仿真方法是唯一可行的方式。仍然需要物理测试来验证和验证这些模拟模型和设置。适当的标准化和监管基础对所有利益攸关方都很重要。由于现行法规和检验规范不够,甚至不是现有,若干委员会和项目集团正在制定新的国际法规和标准。如果将如ADAS甚至广告的复杂系统不仅考虑其有效性,而且还具有功能安全性,而IT安全对系统的整体评估至关重要。这些系统可以访问到车辆和他们的不当或不安全行为的所有核心功能都可能引发事故,如果司机将驾驶车辆自己这不会发生。为了使系统的未来同情会能够修改功能安全标准(ISO 26262)和评估方法。汽车将越来越多地与外界连接,这导致新的漏洞和威胁。 IT-Security变得与功能安全相同。因此,必须制定对IEC 62443的汽车适用标准,以确保道路上所有未来车辆的常见IT安全水平。智能移动系统的技术开发非常快。必须确保通过现有的标准化和监管基础,未来的智能车辆能够实现主要目标 - 增加舒适性,减少道路上的事故和死亡事故。

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