Characterization and differentiation of xenobiotic metabolism in mammalian animals through glucuronidation and sulfation profiling

摘要

Xenobiotic metabolism, including phase I reactions (mainly by cytochrome P450s, CYPs) and phase II conjugations; UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), sulfotransferase (SULT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), etc., is one of the most important factors for the determination and estimation of xenobiotics toxicity in organisms. In mammals, interspecies differences in xenobiotic metabolism (such as; low UGT activity in cats, limit SULT activity in pigs, etc.) have been widely reported; and these reports gained significant attention in veterinary medicine. However, information regarding the characteristic species differences in xenobiotic metabolism, especially the glucuronidation and sulfation of xenobiotics in mammalian species is still limited. Hence, in order to understand the phase II metabolic profiles of xenobiotics in mammalian species, urine specimen of various animals; including domesticated livestock, companion animals, as well as captive and free-ranging wildlife were collected and analyzed belonging to the in vivo and in vitro experiments.