Methodical Approach to Energy-Economic Evaluation of Industrial Production

摘要

In this article, the theoretical bases of the methodical approach to the energy-economic evaluation of industrial production and the regulation of its energy efficiency are considered. The prerequisites, categories, and principles of the energy-economic approach, which is initially based on the ideas of the energy analysis of economic activity, proposed by national and foreign researchers, are determined. In the energy analysis, the state of microeconomic systems is estimated based on the real costs of energy carriers used for a given technology, which makes it possible to determine the factors of production energy saving and energy-efficient development. While constructing an energy-economic model of the production and economic system, the authors based themselves on the thermodynamic point of view, according to which the energy flow is the main factor of production, which forms the value, and labor determines the measure of efforts to create it. As a tool for studying the economic factors of industrial development, the Cobb-Douglas production function in the labor-energy system was adopted, as well as R. Solow's model of economic growth, modified from the energy standpoint. Advantages of the proposed methodical approach are the visibility of the graphic model, in which the generalized indicator of the technical equipment and innovation, and, consequently, the economic development of material production is the energy-to-labor ratio. According to the dynamics and correlation of this indicator and labor productivity, it is possible to analyze the energy efficiency of production and to plan an energy saving or labor-saving direction of production development. The approbation of the methodic approach to the energy-economic evaluation of the production and economic system was made using the example of the Russian extractive industry.