Photonic crystals have been subject of intensive studies in the past few years. A point defect in a photonic crystal results in a resonance in the band gap and confinement of light to a region much smaller than a wavelength. A linear array of such point defects creates a photonic band gap waveguide and the combination of such waveguides will in turn produce a wealth of optical elements such as beam splitters, interferometers and microcavities.
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