Trapped Lung and Spontaneous Pneumothorax

摘要

Spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) is a potential cause of respiratory distress in dogs and to a far lesser extent in cats. In the majority of cases, the underlying cause of spontaneous pneumothorax is a bulla or a bleb on the surface of the lung, withoutunderlying significant pathology commonly being reported, termed a primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Pneumothorax may also be associated with significant underlying pathology, such as mass or abscess or may be associated with multiple bullas or blebs. SPhas also been reported due to heartworm disease, porcupine quilling, pulmonary thromboembolism, COPD and various infections. SP that develops due to an underlying disease is termed secondary spontaneous pneumothorax. Iatrogenic pneumothorax, associatedwith thoracocentesis or mechanical ventilation with high inspiratory pressures is considered a separate disease, and will be discussed as such. The goal of this lecture is to focus on controversial areas associated with the management of affected patients, specifically those areas where an internist could be expected to have to provide input.