Mountain-water-city is one of the research focuses on urban study inspired by traditional Chinese cities, aiming at relieving the contradictions between city and natural environment. However, the notion is still ambiguous since the existed research mainly focused on the conceptual framework. The methods of case study and historical study are applied to reveal the connotations of traditional mountain-water-city, while a problem-oriented comparative study is conducted to get the enlightenment from the antiquity. Changshou District of Chongqing, a small city along the Yangtze River, is selected as a typical case. Three layers of the relationship between the city and the natural environment in ancient time are analyzed, with the materials of field research and local gazetteers. Based on this, the main problems of contemporary city are analyzed in the traditional framework to propose an integrated urban planning strategy. It is declared that new-mountain-water-city could be established with the enlightenment from the ancient urban spatial form as a new pattern of city development with a low impact on the natural environment.
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