Evolution of Modern Housing in Turkey Since Early Republican Period as Part of Socio-Cultural Relation: Case of Izmit

摘要

Culture being one of the basic subjects of social and cultural anthropology has been a concept used to search and understand the society and their lives by philosophers, anthropologists, ethnologists and people from many other disciplines. Culture defined as everything created by humankind in contrast to the things created by nature according to Marx, can be defined with a more common expression as a whole that includes knowledge, faith, art, morals, law, tradition and other capability and habits acquired by human as a member of the society. The houses, have showed some varieties with the cultural effects changed throughout time and have complied with the current relations system of the society. Anatolia has hosted many different civilizations down the ages and has been a rich geography where cultures have been synthesized by being under the effect of different cultures. However, people and their needs changed through time have caused houses to differentiate in spatial order, form and usage. Life styles and needs changed through time have caused traditional house types to give space to modern culture and modern houses suitable to lives. Modern house types applied with the new technology and new spatial fiction have reached the present day by evolving while they comply with the life in 20th and 21st cc. Within the scope of the study, house improvement process of Kocaeli province in the west part of Anatolia from the early republican period to today, will be evaluated in the context of socio-cultural relation.