ANAL SAC ADENOCARCINOMA: CLINICAL STAGE AND MANAGEMENT OPTIONS

摘要

Apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASAC) accounts for 17% of perianal malignancies and 2% of all skin and subcutaneous tumors in dogs. Spaniels, particularly English cocker spaniels, German shepherds, Alaskan malamutes, and Dachshunds have an increased risk of AGASAC. The mean age of dogs at diagnosis of AGASAC is 9 to 11 years. AGASACs are usually unilateral, although bilateral AGASACs have been reported. The overall incidence of bilateral AGASACs, either simultaneously or temporally separated, is up to 14%. Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia is reported in 16% to 53% of dogs with AGASAC.