Insulin-secreting tumors, more commonly known as insulinomas (INS) originate from endocrine □ □ cells from the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. INS are uncommon in dogs and very rare in cats. Primary canine INS are commonly solitary tumors andtheir diameter is usually smaller than 2.5 cm. Most INS are located in the left or right pancreatic lobe. In general canine INS are considered to be malignant in more than 95% of cases, because they almost always tend to metastasize, even though they maylack histological criteria of malignancy. INS hypersecrete insulin and cause an increased insulin concentration in the blood. Normally when blood glucose concentrations decrease, insulin secretion is inhibited. Neoplastic □ □ cells are less sensitiveto the negative feedback of low blood glucose concentrations and secrete inappropriately high amounts of insulin despite declining blood glucose concentrations resulting in a profound hypoglycemia. Clinical signs of canine INS often occur intermittently.In the initial stages hypoglycemic episodes are preceded by fasting, exercise, excitement or stress, because those situations lead to increased glucose utilization. Between hypoglycemic attacks affected dogs usually do not have clinical signs. The meanduration of clinical signs prior to diagnosis is 3.6 months (range, 1 day - 3.5 years).
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机译：胰岛素分泌肿瘤，更常见的是胰岛素瘤（INS）源自内分泌□□来自胰岛胰岛胰岛的细胞。在狗和猫中非常罕见，INS罕见。原发性犬INS通常是孤厥的，直径通常小于2.5cm。大多数INS位于左侧或右胰腺。在一般的犬内被认为是超过95％的病例的恶性，因为它们几乎总是倾向于转移，即使他们maylack的恶性肿瘤组织学标准也是如此。 INS Hypersecrete胰岛素并导致血液中胰岛素浓度增加。通常，当血糖浓度降低时，抑制胰岛素分泌。肿瘤□□细胞的敏感性较小，低血糖浓度的负反馈，尽管血糖浓度下降导致血糖浓度下降，但仍然存在不恰当地高量的胰岛素。犬内的临床迹象经常间歇性发生。在初始阶段的低血糖发作前面是禁食，运动，兴奋或压力，因为这些情况导致葡萄糖利用率增加。在低血糖发作之间受影响的狗通常没有临床迹象。诊断前临床症状的效果为3.6个月（范围，1天 - 3.5岁）。
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