Picolitre pipetting plays a critical role in micro-biology and material science because of its ability to deliver precise volumes of multiple chemicals and reagents into well plates for subsequent analysis. previously inkjet methods or dispensing needles have been used to place liquid on a well plate. Inkjet had drawbacks of low throughput, non-transparency, and unsuitableness for water-based solution because of its high surface tension and the difficulty of fine alignment with a substrate. Droplet printer used a capillary tube as a nozzle and positioned the nozzle above a target. Still a printing rate was 1.5 Hz and not sufficient for large-scale experiments. An array of nozzles was made with two-layer SU-8 and used to print an array of spots. The nozzles were not integrated with microvalves and they had difficulty in controlling the timing of ejection.
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