Environmental Effects of Chrome Composite Leather-Clad Rollers Commonly Used by Cotton Roller Ginning Industries and Design and Development of Chromeless Rubberized Cotton Fabric Roller for Cotton Double Roller Ginning Machines

摘要

This review paper realizes the hazards of chromium contamination and pollution caused by the use of Chrome Composite Leather-Clad (CCLC) rollers commonly used in cotton roller ginning industries and attempts to eliminate the chromium contamination and pollution during the cotton ginning process. The cotton ginning process is the first phase of mechanical operation in cotton textile production. Cotton grown in the plant, commercially known as seed-cotton (or kapas), consists of 24 to 40 seeds per boll. Most of the cotton ginning operations are performed by using double roller (DR) gins which serve an important role in the ginning industry. The cotton roller ginning process is the mechanical separation of cotton fibres from their seeds by means of one or more rollers to which fibres adhere while the seeds are impeded and struck off or pulled loose. About 80% of the seed-cotton produced in India is ginned in DR gins. The roller is a vital part of the gin and one requiring considerable attention. The peculiar gripping action or adherence of the cotton fibres to roller covering surface is an important element in the success of cotton roller ginning process. Presently, there are about 4500 ginneries using 210 000 CCLC rollers (another 50 000 to 80 000 as spares) per year.