I review techniques for local helioseismology (in particular: time-distance, helioseismic holography, ring diagrams analysis, and direct modeling) and also the current state of understanding of the forward and inverse problems for these methods. I then discuss two important current issues: the use of artificial data to test local helioseismic methods and the role of surface magnetic fields in local helioseismology of sunspots. I conclude with a short discussion of the outlook for the future.
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