Network analyzer error-correction (calibration) removes systematic error, but typically establishes the calibration reference plane at the end of the test cables, not at the input of the device-under-test (DUT). The test fixture becomes an intervening network between the calibration and measurement reference planes. The unwanted fixture effects can be removed using S-parameter deembedding, or avoided using Thru-Reflect-Line (TRL) calibration techniques, which moves the calibration reference plane to the input of the DUT, and makes the test fixture itself part of the systematic error correction. This tutorial will describe the development and validation of S-parameter models for fixture deembedding, will demonstrate TRL design and implementation, will compare the results, will discuss the merits of each technique, and will provide selection criteria.
展开▼
