Smart TSO-DSO interaction schemes and ICT solutions for the integration of ancillary services from distributed generation

摘要

The energy power systems are facing major challenges as fossil fuel generation is replaced with renewable generation, which is often characterised by variable behaviour. This increases the need for resources to be used to guarantee voltage and frequency stability, to deal with congestion management and to ensure the compliance with power quality standards. At the same time, there is an increasing number of local, small-sized generation, flexible demand and storage systems that are often located at distribution level. These resources could potentially be able to provide network services if they are aggregated effectively. However, to achieve this, the roles of the diverse network stakeholders - transmission systems operators (TSOs), distribution systems operators (DSOs) and aggregators - should be reshaped. In tandem with this, the way real-time electricity markets are organised also needs to be adapted to reflect the new operating paradigm.