A container vessel is prone to undergoing large motions during operation in an astern sea environment, which can have a detrimental effect on the safety of the vessel. To determine this propensity at the design stage, extensive model experiments would be required as there has not been a standard numerical tool developed that could readily to predict the motion of ships in extreme astern seas. In this respect, the International Towing Tank Conference (ITTC) Specialist Committee on the Prediction of Extreme Ship Motions and Capsizing has undertaken to design suitable benchmark testing of the available numerical prediction tools using carefully recorded data from free running model experiments. The aim of this paper is to elaborate on the importance of some of the key elements used in the numerical prediction and to present further developments derived from the findings of the benchmark testing. Sample numerical results pertinent to the development of a fully non-linear six-degrees-of-freedom numerical model will be presented and discussed. In particular comparisons between results derived from the improved numerical model and previous model test results will be given.
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