The Yangtze River is the longest river in China and so called the Mother River of Chinese Nationality. As a key position in upper reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Province is located in southwest of China, with a population of 84.93 million and an area of 485 thousand sq. kilometers, 46% of the upper reaches area of the Yangtze River, which is 1.054 million sq. kilometers. The river flow volume, 46% of the whole volume of the Yangtze River, is 398.05 billion cubic meters including 13.77 billion cubic meters from minor rivers. Sichuan has a varied topography and abundant natural resources. There are more than 10 thousand kinds of wild vertebrae including rare giant panda, Rhino-pithecus, and lesser panda, and more than 10 thousand wild higher flora including 84 kinds of rare conserved flora such as " vital fossil" Cathaya argyrophylla and Cyathea spinulosa. The biological species resource of Sichuan occupies the second place in China, only inferior to Yunnan Province. Sichuan is also the important water resource and reserve area of the Yangtze River. Unfortunately, lots of ecological environment deterioration and natural disasters have been encountered year by year in upper reaches of the Yangtze River due to varied reasons. Last Year's flood disaster in the Yangtze River Basin gave us a warning. We should not be intoxicated with our success to nature. Every time we succeed, the natural world has revenged us. Actually our first success was achieved at the first step in line with our pre-expectations, but maybe absolute different and unexpected results would be achieved at the second and third steps. These results often eliminated the first achievement. The facts approved this thesis again and again. In light of the ecological environmental protection in Sichuan Province, four prior principles for e-cological environmental protection in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River are raised and discussed in this article.
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