Low Vitamin D Intake Can Increase Prediabetes in Female Adolescents in Surakarta City

摘要

Prediabetic adolescents have higher risk to suffer diabetes mellitus in adulthood periode. The role of calcium and vitamin D intake in prediabetes risk is debatable. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between calcium and vitamin D intake and prediabetes in adolescents. The analytic observational study was used in this study which recruited 193 students who aged 15-18 years old and studied in five senior high schools. Calcium and vitamin D intake were obtained from 1×24 hours food recall questionnaire for 3 alternating days. Fasting blood glucose levels were measured using an enzymatic colorimetric method. Collected data of this study were analyzed using the Fisher's exact and logistic regression tests with p value <0.05. Of 2.1% female adolescents had prediabetes. All adolescents had insufficient calcium and vitamin D intake. The average of calcium and vitamin D intakes was 232.94 ± 142.27 mg and 1.57 ± 1.79 μg, respectively. Lower mean intake of calcium and vitamin D was found in 57% and 63.7% adolescents, respectively. Low calcium intake decreased 0.19 times prediabetes risk whereas low vitamin D intake could increase 2.05 times prediabetes risk although it did not reach significantly (p=0.173 and p=0.552). Low vitamin D intake, family history of DM, and low physical activity can increase the prediabetes risk in female adolescents in Surakarta City.