Comparative Traffic Safety Study in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republic of Srpska, Brcko District and EU Countries Using Data Envelopment Analysis

摘要

This paper deals with the survey and assessment of traffic safety in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (F B&H) and compares it to the traffic safety in Republic of Srpska (RS), Brcko District (BD) and EU countries. The assessment and comparison of traffic safety in this study is based on data collected from various referential statistical sources, the same being related to the period 2015-2016. For the analysis, a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method has been selected, which enables a comparative assessment of the traffic safety of certain regions (cities, cantons, states) based on multiple indicators, such as number of traffic accidents, number of deaths, number of seriously injured compared to the number of inhabitants, road lengths, etc. DEA, as an objective and nonparametric method, does not favor any of the selected criteria, but provides equal chances to all units whose performances are being evaluated. Paper gives a brief theoretical overview of DEA method, brief survey of literature related to application of DEA method in analysis of traffic safety, data and sources of collected data, as well as developed DEA model. Conducted analysis enabled estimation of traffic safety efficacy, identification of countries/entities/districts with traffic safety not at the level of the relatively most secure countries, and estimation of possible improvements related to reduction of the total number of traffic accidents and number of people died in traffic accidents, for all countries/entities/districts. Based on the conducted analysis it can be concluded that there is a significant difference in the efficiency of traffic safety in EU countries. At the level of all EU countries, including B&H (F B&H, RS and BD), the total number of traffic accidents can be reduced by 458.142,9 or by 42% per year, while the total number of people died can be reduced by 10.674,42 or by 38% per year. The analysis has shown that the highest level of traffic safety is in Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands and Sweden, while traffic safety is the lowest in F B&H, Romania, RS and BD.