Ratios and ranges of soil-forming factors influence on pedogenesis

摘要

The issue of ratios and ranges of soil-forming factors influence on pedogenesis was discussed during the whole history of genetic soil science. Most of opinions were that all soil-forming factors are, in effect, of the same importance and take equal part in soil formation. At the same time, any of factors could become leading one in the development of soils under certain situations Mmited in time and/or space. Different bioclimatogenic, hthogenic, volcanogenic, palaeohydrogenic and other macrostructures of soil cover were described. An attempt was made to formulate the ratios and ranges of soil-forming factors influence on pedogenesis in the form of laws. There were shown numerous situations when, along with relief, other factors, such as hydromorphism, parent materials, etc., acquire prime importance in the catenary differentiation of soil cover. Three cycles of soil development in time (biological, biogeomorphologic and bioclimatic) were described. The alternation of evolutionary phases of convergence and divergence between the components of soil cover caused by the domination of Hthogenic, biogenic, topogenic or climatogenic factor was revealed. It is possible to assert rather reasonably that there are certain ratios between factors in terms oftheir influence on different aspects of a soil-forming process: energy; substantive; and process-dynamic.