Repeated mechanical perturbation of the brain (from blows to, the head) can cause long term cumulative changes in behavioral and/or cognitive abilities—'even if no immediate consequences (such as loss of consciousness, seizures, etc) are seen.- For example, recent studies 'of professional (NFL) football players indicates a very high incidence-of early onset of dementia (such as Alzheimer's Disease) associated with a history of minor (Grade 1) concussions. Electric currents crossing neurons in the brain could have similar long term, cumulative, consequence even if those currents are "sub-threshold" for producing (or significantly modifying) action potentials (AP). Such currents can result from exposure to intense electric and/or magnetic fields—such as. those encountered by human subjects undergoing Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FMRI), or similar exposures to EMF.
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