Despite the emphasis on process safety management during the last 25 years, serious process safety incidents continue to occur. A common thread in the investigation of these incidents is the recognition that culture is almost always an important root cause. Evaluation of incident histories as well as previous research leads to the conclusion that there are four organizational characteristics that reflect a culture designed for process safety excellence: anticipation, inquiry, execution, and resilience. When leadership behaviors that promote these characteristics are reinforced improved performance will follow.
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