The sensitivity for the microchip emitter was 20 percent higher than the capillary emitter at 50 nL/min. The MS signal and ESI current stability for the microchip and capillary emitter were comparable. The MS signal increased 68 percent when the flow rate was lowered from 300 nL/min to 50 nL/min. Stable cone jet microchip electrospray was obtained over relatively wide voltage ranges. An external fluorosilane coating allowed for stable microchip electrospray under aqueous conditions. The nano-junction microchip ESI interface allowed for efficient coupling of low flow rate CE with MS.
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