The coefficient of the subgrade reaction of a foundation ground at an open pier is identified by Kalman filtering based on measurements of in-situ horizontal loading experiments on piles. For the in-situ tests, the surface clay layer was removed and the diluvial clay layer was replaced by a rubble mound to shorten the length of the pile above the surface of the foundation deposit. In-situ tests were carried out for both the existing clay deposit and the replaced mound for comparison with the identified coefficient of subgrade reaction in Chang's model. The measured displacement and the bending moment are adopted as input data for the inverse analysis. It is revealed from the inverse analysis that the identified coefficient of the subgrade reaction of the rubble mound is less than that of the diluvial clay under the same level of loading. The numerical results will provide useful information for the design of open piers and their foundations.
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