This paper discusses computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis that has been applied to a blowout preventor (BOP) stack undergoing vertical oscillation during deployment from a floating drilling rig. CFD analysis has been used to determine added mass and to show that the drag on an oscillating BOP stack can be much more favorable than the calculations based on steady flow would suggest. The mechanism responsible for this improved drag and its importance to offshore drilling operations are discussed. Exploration drilling in deeper water coupled with the need for larger, heavier BOP stacks is causing increased utilization of hook load capacity on many drilling rigs, including the current generation of newbuilds. Thus, accurate prediction of dynamic hookload fluctuation is of very significant practical importance and it cannot be done conservatively without damping assumptions that have solid justification. For deployments to 10,000-12,000 feet, the resonant period of most drilling risers (characterized by vertical motion of the BOP stack) is 5-8 seconds. In otherwise benign sea states (low wave heights with short wave periods), even small amounts of vessel heave can induce resonant dynamic variation in hook load. Predictions of this resonant response are very sensitive to assumptions about damping. The use of drag coefficients based on steady flow can significantly underestimate the amount of damping that occurs as the BOP stack oscillates vertically, especially for small-amplitude oscillations. Previous work has shown that this effect occurs in other offshore structures as well. This convergence of resonant period and wave period is more pronounced for drilling risers run to the current water depth limit of offshore exploration (10000-12000 feet) than in shallower water, where most of the industry’s experience has been gained. For deep deployments, this type of analysis can be used to substantiate more favorable assumptions about drag, when more conservative assumptions may show that riser deployment to deep wells is not practical and when arbitrary assumptions about damping may lead to very significant errors, conservative or otherwise, in the predicted dynamic load. This insight can also be applied to other large payloads deployed on long strings.
展开▼
