Following the disinction made by Carlton (2007), the interaction between the ship and the propeller can be split into the mechanical loads transmitted through the shaft and the hydrodynamic loads transmitted through the surrounding water. While the mechanical loads correspond to the bearing forces, the hydrodynamics loads result from the integration of the pressures on the hull surface. Additionally, the fluctuating components are the primary concern; the reason is that periodic propeller-induced forces can excite structural vibrations, which affect comfort on-board and structural integrity.
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