Combination of multi-residue methods based on hair analysis for pollutants exposure biomonitoring in Crande-Synthe, France - Towards a comprehensive assessment of population exposome

摘要

Because the biological effects of several pollutants acting simultaneously may strongly differ from the effects produced by a single chemical, multi-residue analysis is essential to provide the most comprehensive information possible on human exposure. Most biomonitoring studies are however focused on a limited number of pollutants and only give a partial view of the exposome. Hair generally allows the detection of more biomarkers that other matrices, and integrates both parent pollutants and their metabolites. In the present study, hair samples were collected from 117 adults and 40 children living in the city of Grande-Synthe, France, and analysed with 3 multi-residue methods targeting respectively 152 organic pollutants (pesticides, PCBs, bisphenols, PBDEs), 62 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metabolites (OH-PAHs) and 36 metals. The number of organic pollutants detected in each sample ranged from 33 up to 70 in children and from 34 up to 74 in adults. Fifteen compounds were detected in all the children (13 pesticides, and 2 bisphenols) and 14 in all the adults (13 pesticides and bisphenol A). Regarding PAH, 7 up to 26 compounds were detected per child and 7 up to 21 per adult. 1-OH and 2-OH-naphthalene were detected in all the samples. Nineteen metals were detected in all the samples analysed. This study clearly highlighted the cumulative exposure of the population under study, bringing relevant data on its exposome and standing out the differences this region has with other areas in France and around the world. The results clearly support the use of multi-residue methods to widen the information on human exposure. They also demonstrated the relevance of hair analysis, which allows the detection of pollutants from different classes with a unique biological sample.