Nepal being predominantly agricultural country with subsistence types of agriculture, above65% of the farmers adopt traditional agricultural pattern with traditional water managementpractices. Meantime Nepal has huge discrepancy in land occupation by the peasant farmers.More lands are occupied by less people, i.e. about 5% farmers owing 37% of toal agriculturalland against 47% of the farmers owning just 15 % of land (http://www.ngofederation.org/index ), similarly, the major and water sources are occupied and utilized by the elite groupsof farmers. Thus land and water availability is highly skewed fostering inequality amongthe Nepalese Society. The poor and small land holders are often suffering from social andcultural confl icts on water right issues. There are various efforts made from public and otherdevelopment agencies to increase the irrigation water availability in a participatory way.
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