Nepal being predominantly agricultural country with subsistence types of agriculture, above 65% of the farmers adopt traditional agricultural pattern with traditional water management practices. Meantime Nepal has huge discrepancy in land occupation by the peasant farmers. More lands are occupied by less people, i.e. about 5% farmers owing 37% of toal agricultural land against 47% of the farmers owning just 15 % of land (http://www.ngofederation.org/ index ), similarly, the major and water sources are occupied and utilized by the elite groups of farmers. Thus land and water availability is highly skewed fostering inequality among the Nepalese Society. The poor and small land holders are often suffering from social and cultural confl icts on water right issues. There are various efforts made from public and other development agencies to increase the irrigation water availability in a participatory way.
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