1. Sludge from pulp and paper process already pre-treated which can reduce 30% of the biorefinery cost 2. The amount of biomass sludge favors a pulp and paper mill just producing bio-sugars which eliminates 27% more of the cost 3. The sludge needs to be characterized with respect to 3.1 ash content 3.2 lignin content 3.3 percentage of fines 3.4 amount of available carbohydrates. 4. Ash content can significantly impact cost 5. Based on several different studies the best mill sludge would have 5.1 less than 8% ash 5.2 lignin content below 7% (preferable below 4%) 5.3 17% fines. High fines content allows faster enzymatic hydrolysis or a lower enzyme dosage. 6. Enzyme accelerant uses a patching mechanism to increase enzyme binding to the fiber and can result in about a 20% increase in glucose production for the same amount of enzymes.
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