THE SPREADING OF SOLAR CELLS APPLICATION IN SERBIA

摘要

The whole South-East Europe region has urgent problem with scarcity of electric energy, and the shortage of about 25 billion kWh per year in perspective. Serbia is a country in the late transition processes and in the actual deep economic and financial crisis. Market reforms have not completed yet, and basic economic, social and technological changes and challenges are expected in the next period. Recession and dept crisis are big obstacles for a serious step towards sustainability of the whole economic system. Even the energy sector of the country needs substantial market deregulation and restructuring. Those conditions are not favorable for solar and sustainable energy concept. But solar energy idea seems to be one of the elements of successful and long-term crisis prevailing and preventing strategy. Organized solar energy using in Serbia is just in the beginning. Most of the practical ways that people use are based on direct solar heating. But wider solar cells application is one of the promising ways for development of the entire solar concept. Further development of solar energy application in Serbia, as in the whole Region depends, not only of the legal framework and energy policy (relative prices system and internalization of external energy costs), but on energy education and solar culture spreading too. In this sense, the clever way is installing PV systems on the schools. The three representative high schools (Kula, Beograd and Varvarin) are chosen in June 2009 by the Energy Efficiency Agency of Serbia to partner in the photovoltaic system project, financed by the Spanish Government. During the next 12 years, according to the government decision, Electric Power Industry of Serbia (EPS) will redeem electricity from the renewable source, generating electricity at the price of 23 euro cents per kWh. Next excelent case represente a public solar charger for mobile devices, called ,,Strawberry Tree". The Strawberry Tree is invented by of group of students from the University of Belgrade. The invention is for the first time represented to the world in the October 2010, when it was installed in the City Square in the centre of Obrenovac. After that, next Strawberry Trees are installed in Belgrade and Novi Sad, too. In addition to its main function, public solar charger of mobile phones will have an important educative role amongst young, to understand the importance of the implementation of renewable energy sources. The latest news is a project of the first photovoltaic power plant, of which cornerstone was laid in late June 2011, on Mount Zlatibor (Western Serbia). According to the investors, a solar power plant of 5 MW peak power, worth 15 million Euros, should reach full capacity before the end of 2012. Finally, the Municipality of Vranje (Southern Serbia) has identified of 480 hectares of agricultural land, to be transformed into industrial land, with the special purpose for installment of PV equipments. The project will be carried out in stages, starting with the pilot project up to 10MWp. Vranje has one of the best radiations in Serbia, and the grid infrastructure for connection relatively close to dedicated locations. All amount of green electricity to be produced in Vranje solar power parks will be distributed and sold to power companies outside of Serbia and within the European Union.