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Novel Nonlocal Gauge Functions in Electrodynamics and Their Effect on Quantum Mechanical Phases

机译:电动力学中的新型非局部量规函数及其对量子力学相的影响

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We point to previously overlooked solutions of the standard gauge transformation equations of Electrodynamics: the generalized "gauge functions" go beyond the usual Dirac phase factors (spatial or temporal integrals of potentials) and exhibit a new form of nonlocal quantal behavior, with the well-known Relativistic Causality of classical fields affecting directly the phases of quantum mechanical wavefunctions. Because of the new solutions, the phases of wavefunctions in the Schrodinger picture are affected nonlocally by spatially and temporally remote magnetic and electric fields, in specific ways that are briefly demonstrated. The new nonlocalities, apparently overlooked in path-integral approaches, compete with Aharonov-Bohm behaviors and they provide: (i) a correction to a number of erroneous results in the literature (either an uncritical use of Dirac phases that persists since the time of Feynman's work on path integrals, or a sign error that still propagates in the literature and that regards the connection of Aharonov-Bohm phases to semiclassical phases picked up inside nonvanishing fields due to path-deflections by the Lorentz force), (ii) a new interpretation of semiclassical observations and further extensions to delocalized states (a "generalized Werner & Brill cancellation"), (iii) a natural remedy of earlier "paradoxes" (such as the van Kampen thought-experiment, as well as Peshkin's discussion of the electric Aharonov-Bohm effect that is made "causal" by the new solutions), and (iv) a new formulation directly applicable to the study of time-dependent slit-experiments and their causal issues.
机译:我们指出了以前被忽视的电动力学标准量规转换方程的解:广义的“量规函数”超越了通常的狄拉克相位因子(电势的空间或时间积分),并表现出一种新形式的非局部量子行为,具有:已知经典场的相对论因果关系直接影响量子力学波函数的相位。由于有了新的解决方案,Schrodinger图像中的波函数相位会受到空间和时间上遥远的磁场和电场的局部影响,具体方法将对此进行简要说明。新的非局部性显然在路径积分法中被忽略了,它们与Aharonov-Bohm行为竞争,并且它们提供:(i)对文献中许多错误结果的更正(自从费曼关于路径积分的研究,或符号误差仍在文献中传播,并考虑到由于洛伦兹力的路径偏转,Aharonov-Bohm相与在不消失场内拾取的半经典相之间的联系),(ii)半经典观测的解释和对局域化状态的进一步扩展(“广义Werner和Brill抵消”),(iii)早期“悖论”的自然疗法(例如van Kampen的思想实验,以及Peshkin对电的讨论)由新解决方案“引起”的Aharonov-Bohm效应),以及(iv)直接适用于时变狭缝实验及其因果关系研究的新公式。

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