Hemolysis of erythrocytes by amphiphiles: general regularities and membrane mechanisms

摘要

Abstract: The time course of hemolysis by a number of amphiphiles differing in their molecular features was studied in isotonic solution under varying temperature and concentrations of amphiphile and erythrocytes. Some of detergents induced hemolysis with two-stage kinetics, the property not correlating with either the detergent polar group charge or critical micelle concentration. The first stage appears at relatively high amphiphile concentrations, starts without a notable lag-phase and stops within less than 1 min at an intermediate extent of lysis; the second stage has a distinct lag-phase followed by the exponential lysis phase always reaching complete hemolysis.The parameters of the two stages differently depend on temperature and concentration of sucrose. A general two- stage scheme of amphiphile-membrane interaction is proposed. During the former stage, amphiphile molecules, bound initially on the outer surface of the cell membrane, equilibrate across the membrane. At a sufficiently high amphiphile binding per cell, the first stage hemolysis occurs with the rate decreasing sharply in the course of transmembrane equilibration. After reaching the equilibrium distribution of detergent across membrane, hemolysis follows the second stage mechanism. !33