Particulate Air Pollution and Preeclampsia: A Source-based Analysis

摘要

Background: particulate matter (PM) air pollution is a heterogeneous mixture of components with different sources and toxicities. A limited body of evidence suggests an association between PM and preeclampsia; however, there is no available report on the possible link between PM sources and preeclampsia. Aims: To investigate the association between preeclampsia and maternal exposure to PM10 and PM2.5 mass and sources. Methods: Our analysis was based on a hospital cohort of pregnant women (N=3,182) residing in Barcelona, Spain, during 2003-2005. Positive matrix factorization source apportionment (PMF2) was used to identify sources of PM10 and PM2.5 samples obtained by an urban background monitor, resulting in detection of eight sources. We further combined traffic-related sources (brake dust, vehicle exhaust, and secondary nitrate/organics) to generate a traffic indicator. Logistic regression models were developed to estimate the association between preeclampsia and exposure to each PM source and mass separately during the entire pregnancy and trimester one, adjusted for relevant covariates. Results: For the exposure during the entire pregnancy, we found 44% and 80% increase in the risk of preeclampsia associated with one inter-quartile range increase in exposure to PM10 brake dust and traffic indicator respectively. These findings remained consistent after an alternative source apportionment method (Multilinear Engine (ME2)) was used that showed a 51% increase in the risk of preeclampsia in association with one interquartile range increase in PM10 road dust exposure during the entire pregnancy. The results for PM2.5 mass and sources and also exposure during trimester one were less conclusive. Conclusion: Risk of preeclampsia was associated with exposure to PM10 brake dust and traffic-related sources.