The East Japan Railway Company (JR East) has been in pursuit of an inexpensive ATS-P system since 1994. The first result of this development is the ATS-P_(N) ground system. The installation cost of the ATS-P_(N) ground system is half of that for the ATS-P ground system. The second result of this development is the reducing in costs and downsizing of the ATS-P on-board system. The current ATS-P on-board system is composed of several devices. But the new (integrated) ATS-P on-board system is composed of one main devices, a smaller relay block and so on. This second advance results in a system with about 70
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