The Euratom Nuclear Material Accountancy System for theimplementation of the safeguards agreements, the Euratom Treatyand Euratom agreements with third States

摘要

As early as 1957 the founding members of the European Atomic Energy Community established thernEuratom Treaty with the aim of promoting the peacefull uses of nuclear Energy, while at the same timernintroducing controls aiming at enhancing safety and security and preventing uses of nuclear material other thanrnthe ones declared. Chapter VII of the Euratom Treaty foresees the implementation of Safeguards on nuclearrnmaterial used in the Community and establishes details of the Euratom Safeguards system. Euratom safeguardsrnis entrusted to the European Commission and is based on two pillars: (I)Assurance that Nuclear Material is notrndiverted from its declared use [Art. 77(a)] (ii)Compliance with the obligations that the Community hasrnundertaken as a result of agreemnts with international organisations the third states [Art. 77(b)]. Further, Art.rn101, gives to the European Commission the mandate to negotiate, sign and implement International agreements.rnThe agreements with the IAEA and the main supplier states are such examples. The cornerstone of EuratomrnSafeguards is the Euratom Nuclear Material Accountancy system, which, according to Art. 79 of the Treaty, isrnbased on a Commission Regulation. The Commission Safeguards Regulation, is the legal basis and givesrnpractical guidance as to the contents, format and frequency of the records and reports that the operators ofrnNuclear Installations have to submit to the Commission. These reports form the adequate basis for thernCommission in discharging its responsibilities vis-à-vis the IAEA and third states. The paper describes thernEuratom NMA system and its recent overhaul to take into account additional reporting requirements stemmingrnfrom the Additional Protocol and also from the IT developments.