The Design and Implementation of GIS-Based Fire Emergency Information System

摘要

GIS-Based Fire Emergency Information System (FEIS) is a modern directing and dispatching system for a city fire department, which integrates computing technology and communication technology. It is a crucial part of a city emergency processing system. This paper showcases the application of GIS in FEIS, a GIS-Based Fire Emergency Model and detailed solutions of several GIS-related key problems in the system are explored. GIS plays a vital role in mapping and documenting fire, predicting its course, analyzing alternative fire-fighting strategies, and directing tactics and strategies. GIS can provide one of the primary components for compster-aided dispatch systems. Fire stations can be deployed for fire emergency response. During an emergency, GIS can instantaneously provide detailed information before the first fire engines arrive, including closest hydrants, electrical panels, dangerous materials, and the floor plan of the building. The Fire Emergency Information Model could be explored to analyze and design a common fire emergency information system. The model contains user types, system hiberarchy, system information flow, system framework and system components. There are five user types in the model: system maintenance workers to provide correct spatial data and maintain system supporting platform, fire emergency operators to direct fire suppression, fire field analyzers, Internet visitors to visit the fire web site and 119-callers to report fire emergency. Fire Emergency Information Model is composed of a FEC (fire emergency center) layer for directing fire suppression, a fire department building layer for conducting and querying the fire suppression, a communication layer for transmitting the information or commands among FEC, firefighters and other sites, a fire suppression executor layer for fire fighting and a fire-related layer for providing related help. There are five parts in the framework of Fire Emergency Information Model: supporting platforms including LAN, WAN, remote computer network, wireless or wired communication network and switch system, CCTV (Closed-circuit television.) system, mobile remote video transferring system, GPS, OS, DBMS and GIS; fire data and database including common city maps, fire-oriented maps and fire fighting database. During an actual emergency it is critical to have the right data at the right time displayed logically to respond and take appropriate actions. Most of the data requirements for emergency management are of a spatial nature and can be located on a map; Applications including fire emergency directing and dispatching system, OA, WEBGIS-based information publish system, DSS system and maintenance system; system interfaces between other systems and FEIS including weather forecasting system and so on; security systems including network security and data security. There are several procedures: detecting a fire, locating a fire emergency spot, retrieving fire information, suppressing the fire and documenting fire in the fire emergency processing work flow. After describing the Fire Emergency Information Model, we will introduce the characters of the system and our detail solutions of several GIS-related key problems. The first one is how to acquire and organize the spatial fire database. All phases of fire emergency management depend on data from a variety of sources. The appropriate data has to be gathered, organized, and displayed logically to determine the size and scope of emergency management program(s). The next one is how to locate the fire emergency spot and how to reduce the response time. The last one is how to track the vehicles. Vehicles Locating can be incorporated to track in real time the location of incoming fire engines. VL also helps to determine the closest mobile fire engines to be dispatched, as they are located on the map through GPS transponders.