Sensors for linear referencing

摘要

Abstract: Two solutions to the vehicle location problem are commonly discussed for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS): active roadside beacons and global positioning system (GPS) satellites. This paper present requirements for new linear referencing sensors, defined as sensors that will identify a vehicle's location along a roadway in terms of distance along the roadway from known points or by the automatic identification of known points. Requirements for linear referencing sensors come from new national location referencing standards being developed by initiatives of the US Department of Transportation, and from international location referencing standardization activities. Linear referencing sensors can extract information from the visual scene presented by the roadside environment, or from the environment illuminated by laser or microwave radiation. They can also be based on new, low cost techniques for labeling roads or by modulating lane reflectors or other regular road infrastructure components. Such sensors, singly and in combination, avoid the map matching problem common to vehicle navigation systems that rely on GPS, and can be deployed at much lower cost than roadside beacons, particularly when designed as one function of multi-purpose in-vehicle sensors and computers. !13