Abdul-Rahman al-Sufi and His Book of the Fixed Stars: A Journey of Re-discovery

摘要

The Book of the Fixed Stars was written by the Persian astronomer Abdul-Rahman al-Sufi around AD 964, and is one of the most important medieval Arabic treatises on astronomy. al-Sufi's work contains an extensive star catalog as well as detailed star charts for the 48 classical constellations, and draws on material in Ptolemy's Almagest. At present no English translation of al-Sufi's treatise exists. This paper summarizes a detailed study by the first author for a Ph.D. degree in the Centre of Astronomy at James Cook University (Townsville, Australia) which will include for the first time a complete English translation of the main parts of al-Sufi's major work. This paper includes a brief biography of al-Sufi, along with information on the extant manuscripts of the Book of the Fixed Stars, the structure of the book and star catalogue, and the star maps and charts. A major finding which we highlight in this paper is al-Sufi's stellar magnitude estimates which were based upon a unique three-step intermediate magnitude system that he developed. al-Sufi also identified and commented on more than 100 new stars that were not listed in the Almagest or other early star catalogs. al-Sufl's contribution to astronomy reverberated throughout history, extending to recent times.