EFFECT OF (EXTERNAL) ELECTRIC FIELDS ON HETEROGENEOUS SOLID STATE REACTIONS WITH ONE OR MULTIPLE PRODUCTS - SPECIAL ROLE OF GRAIN BOUNDARY DIFFUSION

摘要

During operation ceramic materials are often exposed to high electrical fields, which create a second driving force for mobile components in addition to the chemical potential gradient. Due to the ongoing miniaturisation in modem applications, interfaces gain in importance for the materials properties. Solid state reactions, negligible on macroscopic length scales, become more important on the nanoscale and thus become a frequent source of materials degradation.