Shape Control of a Morphing Structure (Rotor Blade) Using a Shape Memory Alloy Actuator System

摘要

Development and test results of a rotor blade twist control system that utilizes a thermo-mechanical shape memory alloy (SMA) are presented. The actuation system controls the blade shape during flight operations allowing the blade to be configured for greater lift during takeoff and landing. SMA actuators provided an excellent solution because of their very high torque output to weight ratio and suitability to the dynamic environment of a rotor blade. Several challenges related to the behavior of the SMA material are overcome by innovative control system design. Thermoelectric modules (TEM's) are used to actively transfer heat between SMA tubes and other heat conductor and radiator components. Modeling and system identification techniques and a non-trivial solution to nonlinear and coupled thermal response equations are used to insure effective use of the TEM's and to improve control during SMA phase transition.