Reasoning about unknown, Counterfactual, and nondeterministic actions in first-order logic

摘要

This paper extends previous work on axiomatizing actions and their effects in standard first-order logic. We show how to accommodate complex types of reasoning about action, including distinguishing between actual and hypothetical actions, drawing conclusions based on counterfactual assumptions, and reasoning about actions whose effects are nondeterministic. We also discuss in some detail the connections between the method proposed here and other methods based on nonmonotonic logics.