CISM Courses and Lectures: Resonant energy exchange in nonlinear oscillatory chains and Limiting Phase Trajectories: from small to large systems

摘要

We present an adequate analytical approach to the description of nonlinear vibration with strong energy exchange between weakly coupled oscillators and oscillatory chains. The fundamental notion of the limiting phase trajectory (LPT) corresponding to complete energy exchange is introduced. In certain sense this is an alternative to the nonlinear normal mode (NNM) characterized by complete energy conservation. Well-known approximations based on NNMs turn out to be valid for the case of weak energy exchange, and the proposed approach can be used for the description of nonlinear processes with strong energy exchange between weakly coupled oscillators or oscillatory chains. Such a description is formally similar to that of a vibro-impact process and can be considered as starting approximation when dealing with other processes with intensive energy transfer. At first we propose a simple analytical description of vibrations of nonlinear oscillators. We show that two dynamical transitions occur in the system. First of them corresponds to the bifurcation of anti-phase vibrations of oscillators. And the second one is caused by coincidence of LPT with separatrix dividing two stable stationary states and leads to qualitative change in both phase and temporal behavior of the LPT (in particular, temporal dependence of the amplitude becomes resembling that for vibro-impact vibrations). Next problem under consideration relates to intensive intermodal exchange in the periodic nonlinear systems with finite (n>2) number of degrees of freedom. We consider two limiting cases. If the number of particles is not large enough, the energy exchange between nonlinear normal modes in two-dimensional integral manifolds is considered. When the number of the particles increases the energy exchange between neighbor integral manifolds becomes important that leads to formation of the localized excitations resembling the breathers in the one-dimensional continuum media. Finally, the breathers in the infinite systems of complex (helix) structure are presented.